| Because HIV
infection destroys the immunity of the patient, multiple
infections caused by different pathogens seize the opportunity to
attack the patient's immunodeficient body. Hence the name,
opportunistic infections. Look at the list below to appreciate the
extent and depth of pathogens and the clinical manifestation they
caused. Fungal
1. Candida spp. --stomatitis, oesophagitis,
vaginitis
2. Pneumocystis carinii--pneumonia
3. Cryptococcus neoformans--meningitis
4 Aspergillus spp--pneumonia
5. Histoplasma capsulatum--disseminated
6. Coccidioides immitis--disseminated
7. Penicillium marneffei--disseminated
Protozoal
1. Toxoplasma gondii--encephalitis
2. Cryptosporidia--enteritis
3 Microsporidia--enteritis
4. Isospora belli--enteritis
5. Giardia lamblia--enteritis
Bacterial
1. Staphylococcus aureus--skin,
disseminated
2. Mycobacterium tuberculosis--pneumonia,
disseminated
3. Mycobacterium avium--enteritis,
disseminated
4. Bartonella spp--skin, disseminated,
(bacillary angiomatosis)
5. Others--pneumonia, sinusitis, diarrhoea
Viral
1. Cytomegalovirus (CMV)--retinitis,
colitis, myelitis
2. Herpes simplex virus (HSV)--mucocutaneous.
oesophagitis
3. Varicella zoster virus(VZV)--herpes
zoster
4. Epstein-Barr virus(EBV)--hairy
leukoplakia
5. Poxvirus--molluscum contagiosum
6. Human papilloma virus (HPV)--warts,
cervical dysplasia, neoplasia
7. JC virus--leucoencephalopathy (PML)
If you have questions related to this article you may e-mail me
at doctor@soontongkiong.com quoting the contents of the article.
About the author
DR SOON is a medical practitioner. He holds four degrees. MBBS
(University of Malaya), MBA (University of East Asia), LLB (Hons)
(University of Wolverhampton), Master of Medicine (Edith Cowan
University
:
Dr SOON is the owner of AskMyVisitor.com and MyScriptDoctor.com
where you can find the most up-to-date advice and information
on
many medical, health and lifestyle topics.
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